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Abell 85: Dark Energy Found Stifling Growth in Universe
Abell 85


The composite image on the left is of the galaxy cluster Abell 85, located about 740 million light years from Earth. The purple emission is multi-million degree gas detected in X-rays by NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and the other colors show galaxies in an optical image from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. This galaxy cluster is one of 86 observed by Chandra to trace how dark energy has stifled the growth of these massive structures over the last 7 billion years. Galaxy clusters are the largest collapsed objects in the Universe and are ideal for studying the properties of dark energy, the mysterious form of repulsive gravity that is driving the accelerated expansion of the Universe.

The illustration on the right shows snapshots from a simulation by Volker Springel, representing the growth of cosmic structure when the Universe was 0.9 billion, 3.2 billion and 13.7 billion years old (now). This shows how the Universe has evolved from a smooth state to one containing a vast amount of structure. Gas is shown in these snapshots, where the yellow regions are stars and the brightest structures are galaxies and galaxy clusters. The growth of these structures was initially driven only by the attractive force of gravity, but then later there was competition with the repulsive force of dark energy.

Understanding the nature of dark energy is one of the biggest problems in science. Possibilities include the cosmological constant, equivalent to the energy of empty space, a modification in general relativity on the largest scales, or a more general physical field. To help decide between these options, Chandra was used to study the increase in mass of galaxy clusters with time over the last 7 billion years. The results are remarkably consistent with those from previous results that measure the expansion of the Universe using distance measurements, revealing that general relativity works as expected on large scales. The cluster work, in combination with other studies, also provides the strongest evidence to date that dark energy is the cosmological constant, or that `nothing weighs something'.

Fast Facts for Abell 85:
Credit  X-ray (NASA/CXC/SAO/A.Vikhlinin et al.); Optical (SDSS); Illustration (MPE/V.Springel)
Release Date  December 16, 2008
Scale  Left panel is 21 arcmin across.
Category  Groups & Clusters of Galaxies, Cosmology/Deep Fields/X-ray Background
Coordinates (J2000)  RA 00h 41m 37.8s | Dec -09° 20´ 33"
Constellation  Cetus
Observation Date  Aug 19, 2000
Observation Time  11 hours
Obs. ID  904
Instrument  ACIS
References A. Vikhlinin et al., 2008, ApJ, in press
Color Code  X-ray (Violet); Optical (Red, Yellow, Blue)
Optical
X-ray
Distance Estimate  About 740 million light years
distance arrow
Visitor Comments (1)

Are dark matter and dark energy present primarily in the center of the "soap bubbles" of galactic organization, and is the repulsive force of dark energy responsible for the distribution of galaxies only on the surface of these bubbles? Don't you believe that some kind of repellant force located near the center of each "soap bubble" must prevent galaxies from falling into the center of the soap bubbles on whose surface they reside?

Posted by J Robert Griffin on Friday, 09.25.15 @ 21:58pm


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